BCPS 2013: Pediatrics Otitis Media
/Such a fun topic! Who loves it when the kid says his/her ear hurts? I cringe just thinking about this one: Otitis Media: The Bane of all Daycare and all School-aged Youngsters
Common Pathogens
- Viral
- S. pneumoniae
- Nontypeable H. influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
Treatment
- Watch and wait if > 2 yo and pain/fever less than 48-72 hours
- Bulging tympanic membrane/perforation = antibiotics
- Always antibiotics if < 6 months old 4. Middle ear fluid does not indicate repeated treatment unless persists > 3 months
- Corticosteroids, antihistamines, and decongestants are not recommended
Antibiotic regimens a. Amoxicillin (high dose: 80–90 mg/kg/day): Recommended by AAP as the first-line therapy for acute otitis media b. Amoxicillin/clavulanate c. Cefuroxime d. Other antibiotic options (e.g., cefdinir, cefpodoxime) may be effective. e. Duration i. The most appropriate duration is unclear. ii. In general, 7–10 days, but a shorter course (5 days) has been used in children older than 2 years iii. For confirmed cases of acute otitis media not responding to the initial antimicrobial regimen within 48–72 hours, a change in antibiotic regimen is warranted. Failure of the the above warrants ceftriaxone IM for 3 days or tubes i. Intramuscular ceftriaxone may also be considered if adherence is a concern. ii. Tympanostomy with tube placement may be most beneficial for children with persistent otitis media with effusions and significant hearing loss (e.g., greater than 25-dB hearing loss in both ears for more than 12 weeks).
Prophylaxis
1. Reserved for patients with recurrent acute otitis media
2. Reduces occurrence by about one episode per year
3. The risk of promoting bacterial resistance may outweigh the slight benefit